How Students Should Prepare for a Debate: A Practical Guide for Future Ivy-Level Thinkers

At Ivy Spires, we spend a significant amount of time helping students understand how to think, not just what to say. Nowhere is that more visible than in debate. Contrary to the popular belief that good debaters are simply confident or quick on their feet, the truth is far simpler—and far more empowering: great debates are won long before the first speaker stands up.

Preparation is the foundation of strong thinking, structured argumentation, and persuasive communication. Here’s a clear, research-backed approach to how students should prepare for any debate, whether it’s a school round or a competitive event.

1. Start With the Most Underrated Skill: Understanding the Topic

Many students jump straight into writing points. Strong debaters don’t.

They begin by breaking down the motion:

• What does it actually mean?

• Which words require definition?

• Could this topic be interpreted in multiple legitimate ways?

• What framing or lenses naturally fit the issue?

This step matters because debates are frequently lost due to misunderstandings, not weak arguments. When students skip topic analysis, they end up delivering beautifully written points for the wrong debate.

2. Choose a Position—and a Clear Direction

Good preparation doesn’t require a long list of arguments. In fact, in world-class debating, fewer points often perform better.

Students should aim for:

• 2–3 strong, defensible reasons for their position

• Logical progression between points

• A “big idea” that ties everything together

Most judges don’t remember minor details—they judge the clarity of your logic.

3. Build Arguments With Depth, Not Volume

A polished argument needs more than a statement. Students should build each point using:

• Reasoning: Why is the claim true?

• Examples: Real-world evidence, analogies, or scenarios

• Impact: Why does this matter for the debate?

• Links: How does this tie back to the motion?

Without this structure, the argument collapses. With it, even simple ideas become powerful.

4. Prepare for the Opponent—Before You Meet Them

Strong debaters don’t wait for surprise attacks.

They pre-empt them.

• What is the other side likely to argue?

• Which of their points are most persuasive?

• What is your direct answer to each?

• How will you frame the debate so your side has the strategic advantage?

This step transforms debaters from reactive to proactive—one of the biggest separators between average and advanced performers.

5. Craft an Introduction That Frames the Entire Round

Your introduction isn’t just an opening—it’s a strategic move.

Students should:

• Introduce the topic

• Define the key terms

• State their stance

• Preview the main arguments

• Frame the debate with a clear lens (“This debate is ultimately about…”)

A strong introduction influences how the judge interprets everything that follows.

6. End With a Conclusion That Leaves No Doubt

A good conclusion does three jobs:

1. Summarises your main ideas without repeating them word-for-word

2. Reinforces your core message

3. Leaves the judge with a clear, memorable reason to choose your side

Many debaters rush the ending. The best ones design it with intention.

7. Build the Habit of Practising Under Real Conditions

Practice shouldn’t be random. Students improve fastest when they:

• Time their speeches

• Record themselves

• Practise with a partner

• Solve weak areas deliberately

• Adapt when something doesn’t work

The goal is not perfection—it’s flexibility, clarity, and confidence under pressure.